Chromatography is a separation technique used in downstream processing to purify biological products by exploiting differences in the physicochemical properties of molecules, such as charge, size, hydrophobicity, or affinity. Common modes used in biomanufacturing include affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography (IEX), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), each serving a specific role in achieving the required purity and quality of the final drug substance.
